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2007年8月6日星期一

Hewlett-Packard (English Edition)

HP Logo


The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is currently the world's largest information technology corporation (by revenue) and is known worldwide for its printers, personal computers and high end servers. Headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States, it has a global presence in the fields of computing, printing, and digital imaging, and also provides software and services. The company, which once catered primarily to engineering and medical markets—a line of business it spun off as Agilent Technologies in 1999—now markets to households and small business products such as printers, cameras and ink cartridges found in grocery and department stores.

HP posted US $91.7 billion in annual revenue in 2006[1] compared to US$91.4 billion for IBM, making it the world's largest technology vendor in terms of sales. HP is now the No. 1 ranking company in worldwide personal computer shipments, surpassing rival Dell, market research firms Gartner and IDC reported in October 2006;[2] the gap between HP and Dell widened substantially at the end of 2006, with HP taking a near 3.5% market share lead.

The company released an outlook for FY07 of between $100.5 and $100.9 billion during its Q2 earnings results[3]. This will make HP the first IT company to cross the $100 billion revenue mark.

Company history

Welcome to HP
Welcome to HP
Main entrance of HP headquarters building in Palo Alto
Main entrance of HP headquarters building in Palo Alto
HP branch office in Israel
HP branch office in Israel

[edit] Founding

William (Bill) Hewlett and David (Dave) Packard both graduated from Stanford University in 1934. The company originated in a garage in nearby Palo Alto while they were post-grad students at Stanford during the Great Depression. The partnership was formalised on January 1, 1939 with an investment of US$538.[4] Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett. Packard won the coin toss but named their electronics manufacturing enterprise the "Hewlett-Packard Company."

HP incorporated on August 8, 1947, and went public on November 6, 1957.

Of the many projects they worked on, their first financially successful product was a precision audio oscillator, the Model 200A. Their innovation was the use of a small light bulb as a temperature dependent resistor in a critical portion of the circuit. This allowed them to sell the Model 200A for $54.40 when competitors were selling less stable oscillators for over $200. The Model 200 series of generators continued until at least 1972 as the 200AB, still tube-based but improved in design through the years. At 33 years, it was perhaps the longest-selling basic electronic design of all time.

One of the company's earliest customers was The Walt Disney Company, who bought eight Model 200B oscillators (at $71.50 each) for use in certifying the Fantasound surround sound systems installed in theaters for the movie Fantasia.

Early years

The company was originally rather unfocused, working on a wide range of electronic products for industry and even agriculture. Eventually they elected to focus on high-quality electronic test and measurement equipment.

Throughout the 1940s to well into the 1990s the company focused on making signal generators, voltmeters, oscilloscopes, counters, and other test equipment. Their distinguishing feature was pushing the limits of measurement range and accuracy. For instance, almost every HP voltmeter or signal generator has one or more extra clicks of its knobs than its competitors. HP volt- or ammeters would measure down and up an extra 10 to 100 times the units of other meters. Although there were good reasons why competing meters stopped at 1 volt full scale, HP engineers figured out ways of extending the range of their equipment by a considerable amount. They also focused on extreme accuracy and stability, leading to a wide range of very accurate, precise, and stable frequency counters, voltmeters, thermometers, and time standards.

Following the tradition of the company's first product, the 200A, instruments in the test equipment line were labelled with three to five digits followed by the letter "A". Improved versions went to suffixes "B" through "E". As the company got larger, it started using product designators starting with an alphabetic letter for accessories, supplies, software, and components in order to avoid running out of numbers for major products.

The 1960's

HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley, although it did not actively investigate semiconductor devices until a few years after the "Traitorous Eight" had abandoned William Shockley to create Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957. Hewlett-Packard's HP Associates division, established around 1960, developed semiconductor devices primarily for internal use. Instruments and calculators were some of the products using these devices.

HP partnered in the 1960s with Sony and the Yokogawa Electric companies in Japan to develop several high-quality products. The products were not a huge success, as there were high costs in building HP-looking products in Japan.

HP spun off a small company, Dynec, to specialize in digital equipment. The name was picked so that the HP logo "hp" could be turned upside down to be the logo "dy" of the new company. Eventually Dynec changed to Dymec, then was folded back into HP.

HP experimented with using Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputers with its instruments. But after deciding that it would be easier to buy another small design team than deal with DEC, HP entered the computer market in 1966 with the HP 2100 / HP 1000 series of minicomputers. A simple accumulator-based design, with registers arranged somewhat similarly to the Intel x86 architecture still used today, it would last 20 years and several attempts to replace it. It would give birth to the HP 9800 and HP 250 series of desktop and business computers, which predated the PC by nearly a decade.

The 1970's

The HP 3000 was an advanced stack based design for business computing server later redesigned with RISC technology that has only recently been retired from the market. The HP 2640 series of smart and intelligent terminals introduced forms-based interfaces to ASCII terminals, and screen labeled function keys now commonly used on gas pumps and bank ATMs. Although scoffed at in the formative days of computing, HP would eventually surpass even IBM as the world's largest technology vendor in sales.

HP is acknowledged by Wired magazine as the producer of the world's first personal computer, in 1968, the Hewlett-Packard 9100A.[5] HP called it a desktop calculator because, as Bill Hewlett said, "If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers' computer gurus because it didn't look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and all such nonsense disappeared." An engineering triumph at the time, the logic circuit was produced without any integrated circuits; the assembly of the CPU having been entirely executed in discrete components. With CRT readout, magnetic card storage, and printer the price was around $5000.

Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, originally designed the Apple I computer while working at HP, but they turned down his offer of licensing the design of this consumer product to HP because the company wanted to stay in scientific, business, and industrial markets.

The company earned global respect for a variety of products. They introduced the world's first handheld scientific electronic calculator in 1972 (the HP-35), the first handheld programmable in 1974 (the HP-65), the first alphanumeric, programmable, expandable in 1979 (the HP-41C), and the first symbolic and graphing calculator HP-28C. Like their scientific and business calculators, their oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and other measurement instruments have a reputation for sturdiness and usability (the latter products are now part of spin-off Agilent's product line). The company's design philosophy in this period was summarized as "design for the guy at the next bench".

The 1980's

In 1984, HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop. Along with its scanner product line, these have later been developed into successful multifunction products, the most significant being single-unit printer/scanner/copier/fax machines. The print mechanisms in HP's tremendously popular LaserJet line of laser printers depend almost entirely on Canon's components (print engines), which in turn use technology developed by Xerox. HP develops the hardware, firmware, and software that convert data into dots for the mechanism to print.

In 1987, the Palo Alto garage where Hewlett and Packard started their business was designated as a California State historical landmark.

The 1990's

In the 1990s, HP expanded their computer product line, which initially had been targeted at university, research, and business customers, to reach consumers.

HP also grew through acquisitions, buying Apollo Computer in 1989 and Convex Computer in 1995.

Later in the decade HP opened hpshopping.com as an independent subsidiary to sell online, direct to consumers; the store was renamed "HP Home & Home Office Store" in 2005.

In 1999, all of the businesses not related to computers, storage, and imaging were spun off from HP to form Agilent. Agilent's spin-off was the largest initial public offering in the history of Silicon Valley. The spin-off created an $8 billion company with about 30,000 employees, manufacturing scientific instruments, semiconductors, optical networking devices, and electronic test equipment for telecom and wireless R&D and production.

In July 1999, HP appointed Carly Fiorina as CEO. Fiorina was the first woman ever to serve as CEO of a company included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Fiorina was forced to resign on February 9, 2005.

2000 and beyond

HP bought Compaq in 2002. Compaq itself had bought Tandem Computers in 1997 (which had been started by ex-HP employees), and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998. Following this strategy HP became a major player in desktops, laptops, and servers for many different markets. After the merger with Compaq, the new ticker symbol became a combination of the two previous symbols, "HWP" and "CPQ", to show the significance of the alliance. The firm took on the ticker symbol "HPQ".

Technology and products

"The new Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer" is "ready, willing, and able ... to relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer."
"The new Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer" is "ready, willing, and able ... to relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer."
A HP Compaq computer and a Hewlett-Packard Deskjet 5740 printer owned by the Houston Independent School District
A HP Compaq computer and a Hewlett-Packard Deskjet 5740 printer owned by the Houston Independent School District
A modern Low-end HP Laptop; the HP Pavilion zv6115EA.
A modern Low-end HP Laptop; the HP Pavilion zv6115EA.
A modern HP digital camera; the HP Photosmart R817.
A modern HP digital camera; the HP Photosmart R817.
A camera that uses the SDIO interface
A camera that uses the SDIO interface

HP has a successful line of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs, servers, workstations, and home-small business computers, many of the latter were acquired during the 2002 merger with Compaq. HP today promotes itself as not just being a hardware and software company, but also one that offers a full range of services to architect, implement and support today's IT infrastructure.

Imaging and Printing Group (IPG)

According to HP's 2005 U.S. SEC 10-K filing,[6] HP's Imaging and Printing Group is "the leading imaging and printing systems provider in the world for printer hardware, printing supplies and scanning devices, providing solutions across customer segments from individual consumers to small and medium businesses to large enterprises." This division is currently headed by Vyomesh Joshi.

Products and technology associated with the Imaging and Printing Group include:

Personal Systems Group (PSG)

HP's Personal Systems Group is "one of the leading vendors of personal computers ("PCs") in the world based on unit volume shipped and annual revenue."[6]

Personal Systems Group products/technology include:

  • Consumer PCs including the HP Pavilion, Compaq Presario and VoodooPC series
  • Workstations for Unix, Windows and Linux systems
  • Handheld Computing including iPAQ Pocket PC handheld computing devices (from Compaq)
  • Digital Entertainment including DVD+RW drives, HP Movie Writer and HP Digital Entertainment Center. HP resold the Apple iPod until November 2005.[6]

Technology Solutions Group (TSG)

In HP's financial reporting, HP groups its Enterprise Storage and Servers, HP Services and Software under Technology Solutions Group.

HP's Enterprise Storage and Servers Group has product/technology including:

  • the ProLiant entry line of x86 based servers (from Compaq)
  • the BladeSystem x86 (ProLiant BL) and Itanium based blade servers (from Compaq)
  • the Integrity server line using the Itanium processor architecture (with Intel) running on several operating systems including HP-UX (a UNIX implementation)
  • the AlphaServer productline using the Alpha processor (from DEC) and running on both:
  • the NonStop high-reliability architecture and operating system (from Tandem Computers)
  • MIPs based Nonstop fault-tolerant server products
  • the PA-RISC processor architecture for the HP 3000 and HP 9000 computer lines
  • the HP 9000 Integrity Superdome line of Servers and workstations
  • the StorageWorks EVA storage arrays (from Compaq)
  • the StorageWorks product line (from Compaq), which includes business class and enterprise class data storage and protection products.[7]
  • the ProCurve family of network switches, wireless access points, and routers.[8]

HP's Software division has products/technologies:

With the major acquisitions of Peregrine and Mercury Interactive completed, HP has dropped the names OpenView, Peregrine and Mercury from its portfolio. The Business Technology Optimization (BTO) part of the software division is now being referred to as HP Software. The OpenCall branding still remains.

HP Labs

Main article: HP Labs

HP Labs (or HP Laboratories) is the research arm of HP. Founded in 1966, HP Labs' function is to deliver breakthrough technologies and to create business opportunities that go beyond HP's current strategies. An example of recent HP Lab technology includes the Memory spot chip.

Partnerships

HP is a supporter of FOSS and Linux. Some HP employees, such as Linux CTO and former Debian Project Leader Bdale Garbee actively contribute and have Open Source job responsibilities. Many others participate in the Open Source community as volunteers. HP is also known in the (GNU/) Linux community for releasing drivers for many of their printers under the GNU GPL.

Hewlett-Packard also continues Compaq's extensive relationship with Microsoft and uses technology from most major software and hardware vendors.

Until November 2005, HP offered a re-branded version of the Apple iPod.[6]

HP partners with many application software companies, for example SAP AG.

[edit] Sponsorships

Mission: Space Sign
Mission: Space Sign

HP has many sponsorships. One well known sponsorship is Walt Disney World's EPCOT Park's Mission: Space. Others can be found on Hewlett-Packard's website [2] From 1995 to 1999 they were the shirt sponsor of English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur.

Product Legacy

Agilent Technologies, not HP, retains the direct product legacy of the original company founded in 1939. Agilent's current portfolio of electronic instruments are descended from HP's very earliest products. HP entered the computer business only after its instrumentation competencies were well-established.

After the acquisition of Compaq in 2002, HP has maintained the "Compaq Presario" brand on low-end home laptops, the "HP Compaq" brand on business desktops and laptops, and the "HP ProLiant" brand on Intel-architecture servers. (The "HP Pavilion" brand is used on home entertainment laptops and all home desktops. ) [9]

HP uses DEC's "StorageWorks" brand on storage systems; Tandem's "NonStop" servers are now branded as "HP Integrity NonStop." [10]

Culture

The founders, known to friends and employees alike as Bill and Dave, developed a unique management style that has come to be known as the HP Way. In Bill's words, the HP Way is "a core ideology . . . [that] includes a deep respect for the individual, a dedication to affordable quality and reliability, a commitment to community responsibility, and a view that the company exists to make technical contributions for the advancement and welfare of humanity."[11]

The HP Alumni Association maintains a tribute to Bill and Dave's version of the HP Way, circa 1992.[12]

Controversy

HP pretexting scandal

Main article: 2006 HP spying scandal

On September 5, 2006 Newsweek published a story[13] revealing that the chairwoman of HP, Patricia Dunn, had hired a team of independent electronic-security experts that later spied on HP board members and several journalists, to determine the source of leak of confidential details regarding HP's long-term strategy in January, 2006. The independent, third party company used a technique known as pretexting to obtain call records of HP board members and nine journalists, including reporters for CNET, the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal. Dunn has claimed she did not know the methods the investigators used to determine the source of the leak.[14] Board member George Keyworth was ultimately outed as the source.

On September 12, 2006 Keyworth resigned from the board and HP announced that Mark Hurd, the current CEO and president, would replace Dunn as Chairman after the HP board meeting on January 18, 2007.

On September 22, 2006 Hurd announced at a special press briefing that Ms. Dunn had resigned effective immediately from both the Chairmanship role and as a director of the Board;

On September 28, 2006, Ann Baskins, HP's general counsel (head attorney) resigned[15] hours before she was to appear as a witness at which she would later invoke the Fifth Amendment to "not be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime."[16]

Investigation by the government

On October 4, 2006, California Attorney General Bill Lockyer filed criminal charges and arrest warrants against Kevin Hunsaker, Dunn and three outside investigators.[17] On September 11, 2006, the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote to Patricia Dunn stating that they have been conducting an investigation on Internet-based data brokers who allegedly use "lies, fraud and deception" to acquire personal information, and allow anyone who paid a "modest fee" to acquire "itemized incoming and outgoing call logs", and when had learned about HP's use of pretexting through their September 6 SEC filing and through their own inquiry of HP's Nominating and Governance Committee, stating they are "troubled" by the information, "particularly that it involves HP—one of America's corporate icons."

The committee requested, under Rules X and XI of the United States House of Representatives, information from HP by September 18, 2006:

At the September 28, 2006 hearing, Dunn and Hurd[18] both testified extensively about the investigation. Dunn testified that until June or July 2006, she did not realize that "pretexting" could involve identity misrepresentation. Dunn repeatedly insisted that she had believed that personal phone records could be obtained through legal methods.

Other witnesses refused to answer questions due to the ongoing criminal investigations.[16]

Perceived impact on the company's operations

Despite the intense media coverage, investors continue to show faith in the company. As of October 23, the price of the company's stock had actually increased from $36.50 to $39.87 per share,[19] a six-year high, apparently reflecting a belief in the investment community that the events described here will have little to no impact on the company's financial results.

On October 8, 2006 Reuters story noted that Hewlett-Packard is hardly the only company to benefit from information gathered via such "rogue"[20] pretexting methods.

On October 12, 2006 HP announced the appointment of Jon Hoak as vice president and chief ethics and compliance officer. Hoak served as senior vice president and general counsel for NCR from 1993 until May 2006.[21]

On December 7, 2006 HP paid $14.5 Million to settle civil charges brought by the California Attorney General.[22]

In December 2006, two members of Congress requested that H-P provide more information regarding CEO Mark Hurd's sale of $1.4 million of stock options on August 25, the same day he was questioned by attorneys investigating the pretexting scandal.[23] Mark Hurd explained that the August trade was part of his normal investment strategy to diversify assets and was made during a regularly scheduled trading window for senior officers and directors.[citation needed] Additionally, Hurd assured the Subcommittee that the August trade had nothing to do with his interview by attorneys investigating the leak investigation and that he had initiated the trade before any such request had been made to him.[citation needed]

As of February 2007, the scandal seems to be fading away, and the company's stock price has gone up another five percent to range between $42 and $43 per share.

Traceable E-mail

Fred Adler of HP revealed before a U.S. Congressional Inquiry that HP Security used an e-mail tracking service called ReadNotify.com to trace a bogus leak in an e-mail sent to CNET reporter Dawn Kawamoto.[24] The e-mail contained a Web bug. Adler said HP Security considers Web bugs to be a legitimate investigative tool, and has used them a number of times.[25] The California attorney general’s office has said that this practice was not part of the Pretexting charges.[26]

Iraq

During the 2003 invasion of Iraq HP shipped militarily useful technology to US forces. In August 2006, a video was widely distributed showing a soldier "repairing" an HP printer/fax/copier by destroying it with a machine gun, saying that HP wanted to charge him for the information he needed to fix it. HP responded with the statement: "HP was aware of the issue and resolved it back in March. HP responds to each customer service request individually as appropriate and that response is confidential. We take customer service seriously and are committed to providing good customer service." [27] It is not clear from either the video or the article why the soldier did not use whatever system the Army has for supporting equipment that it buys and ships into battle zones.


Management

Mark Hurd, Chairman, CEO, and President
Mark Hurd, Chairman, CEO, and President

History

Diversity

Hewlett-Packard received a 100% rating on the Corporate Equality Index released by the Human Rights Campaign starting in 2003, the second year of the report. In addition, the company was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine.

Hewlett-Packard is also involved in the NEPAD e-school program to provide all schools in Africa with computers and internet access.

Hewlett-Packard Sponsors employee resource groups globally for black, LGBT, Latino, young, handicapped and other minorities.

Environmental responsibility

In July 2007, the company announced that it had met its target, set in 2004, to recycle 1 billion pounds of electronics and toner and ink cartridges[28]. It has set a new goal of recycling a further 2 billion pounds of hardware by the end of 2010. In 2006, the company recovered 187 million pounds of electronics, 73 percent more than its closest competitor.

The company has been a leader in environmental responsibility. Its global environmental strategy is based on designing products for the environment, as well as ensuring that the company’s own operations and supply chain are efficient and not harmful to the planet.


Acquisitions

Below are some of the notable acquisitions[29] of companies and product lines acquired by HP over the decades:

  • Data Systems, Inc: A small 5-person company called Data Systems, Inc. Owned by a chemical manufacturer, Union Carbide, who failed in their diversification efforts, HP bought the group and this helped to launch the HP 2116A in 1966. A computer designed to automate the collection and processing of data from the company’s test and measurement devices, it marked HP's entry into the growing computer industry.
  • Apollo: In 1989, HP acquired Apollo Computers for $476 million. HP was able to achieve a growth in market share after the merger; with the market at the time valued at $4.1 billion and the fastest-growing area of the market.
  • Convex Computer: In 1995, HP acquired Convex Computer, a Richardson, Texas company that produced vector minisupercomputers and supercomputers. The systems had software compatibility with HP's PA-RISC computers and provided an immediate upgrade path. The first 32-CPU V-class systems were shipped in 1998 as a replacement for HP's aging 12-CPU T-class.
  • Verifone: On April 23, 1997, HP announced plans to acquire VeriFone, a provider of card-swipe terminals on retail countertops to approve purchases, in a $1.18 billion stock swap. On May 10, 2001, Gores Technology Group acquired VeriFone from HP.
  • Dazel Corporation: On June 7, 1999, HP acquired Dazel Corporation, located in Austin, Texas, an output management software company. Dazel's Output Server provided compatible capabilities to those offered by HP OpenView.
  • Bluestone Software: On January 18, 2001, HP acquired Bluestone Software, Inc., a provider of Java application server, B2B, B2C, and wireless open platform solutions for $470 million in stock. However, HP was not successful with this acquisition and eventually closed its Bluestone Software division in July 2002.
  • Indigo: On March 22, 2002, HP acquired Indigo N.V,[30] a leader in digital offset color printing systems. Now the HP Indigo division is manufacturing commercial and specialty digital printers.
  • Novadigm: On April 2, 2004, HP acquired Novadigm which provides comprehensive management products to integrate with the HP Software management software portfolio. This desired-state technology enables enterprise customers to put their error-prone, repetitive and reactive IT management tasks on cruise control – ensuring that the right resources are automatically reallocated, tuned and configured to meet business needs.
  • CGNZ: On September 7, 2005, HP announced it was going to acquire CGNZ the New Zealand spin-off of Capgemini for an undisclosed amount. The CGNZ acquisition accelerated HP's moves into business consulting.[31]
  • AppIQ: In October 2005, Hewlett-Packard acquired the private company AppIQ (short for "Application IQ"). The company was founded in 2001 by Ash Ashutosh and David Chang, and offered several digital storage solutions. The company had employed up to 235 people by June 2005.
  • Peregrine Systems: On December 19, 2005, HP completed the acquisition of Peregrine, Inc, based in San Diego, California, USA. The acquisition adds leading asset management and enhanced IT service management capabilities to the HP OpenView management portfolio, providing customers with comprehensive IT asset control and business insight.
  • OuterBay: On February 7, 2006, HP agreed to acquire OuterBay, a leading provider of archiving software for enterprise applications and databases. OuterBay is headquartered in Cupertino, California, USA, with offices in the US, UK, and India.
  • Silverwire: On June 6, 2006, HP announced it was acquiring Silverwire Holding AG, a commercial digital photography solutions and software provider with a strong presence in the retail photo market. Silverwire is headquartered in Zug, Switzerland.
  • VoodooPC: On September 28, 2006, HP announced it will expand its presence in the gaming market by acquiring VoodooPC, a maker of high-performance gaming, luxury, and entertainment PCs based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This acquisition closed early in November 2006.
  • Mercury Interactive: On November 7, 2006, HP announced that it had completed the acquisition of Mercury Interactive (MERQ.PK), a company that provided Business Technology Optimization software (i.e. software that helps a company govern, develop and maintain its technology stack).
  • Bitfone: On December 20, 2006, HP announced that it has signed a definitive agreement to purchase Bitfone Corp., a privately held global software and services company that develops software solutions for mobile device management for the wireless industry.
  • Bristol Technology: On February 5, 2007, HP announced that it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Bristol Technology Inc., a leading provider of technologies that monitor business transactions. Bristol is a private company based in Danbury, Connecticut.
  • Polyserve: On February 27, 2007, HP announced that it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire PolyServe, Inc., a leading provider of storage software for application and file serving utilities. Founded in 1999, PolyServe is headquartered in Beaverton, Ore., has 117 employees and serves more than 500 customers in a variety of industries including finance, energy and technology. Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed. HP had an existing relationship with the company OEMing some of their products as the HP StorageWorks Enterprise File Services Clustered Gateway.
  • Tabblo: On March 22, 2007, HP announced it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Tabblo Inc., a privately-held developer of web-based software located in Cambridge, Mass. HP plans to leverage Tabblo’s technologies to make printing from the web easier and more convenient than it is today. Tabblo’s technology allows people to simply and efficiently arrange and print text, graphics and photos from the web. This is made possible by Tabblo’s custom template engine, using an AJAX-enriched interface. HP plans to make this simple-to-use web-printing experience broadly available to people by working with other companies to integrate the technology into their websites. Together, HP and its partner companies will provide customers with a vastly improved web-based printing experience to meet the ever-growing need for simplified Internet-based printing.
  • Arteis: On April 24, 2007, HP announced it is acquiring Arteis, a company that operates Logoworks, a leading distributed web-based graphic design service provider. Arteis is a private company based in Lindon, Utah.
  • SPI Dynamics: On June 19, 2007, HP announced it was acquiring SPI Dynamics, a provider of web application security assessment software and services. The new business would be integrated into the Software Unit of TSG.
  • Opsware: On July 23, 2007, HP announced it was going to acquire Opsware, a developer of data centre management systems, for $1.6 billion[32].
  • Neoware: On July 23, 2007, HP announced it was going to acquire Neoware for $214 million. The company makes software to centralize the management of desktop computers[33].

See also

  • List of Hewlett-Packard products
  • Packard Bell - A similarly named radio and TV manufacturer, with no connection to either HP or the Bell System. The name was resurrected in 1986 as a manufacturer of personal computers and was eventually purchased by NEC, which withdrew the brand from the U.S. market. Packard Bell became a major retail-channel PC vendor in Europe. In October 2006, the company was sold to John Hui, the former owner of e-Machines.
  • Packard Instrument - A similarly named nuclear instrumentation company with no connection to HP. Now owned by PerkinElmer.
  • DeskJet printers
  • LightScribe
  • List of Computer System Manufacturers
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