The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international football competition contested by the men's national football teams of the member nations of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II.
The tournament's final phase, often called the World Cup Finals, is the most widely-viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final.[1] The current format of the Finals involves thirty-two national teams competing at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. To determine the participating teams, qualifying rounds take place over the three years preceding the Finals.
In the eighteen tournaments held, only seven nations have won the title. Brazil is the most successful World Cup team, having won the tournament five times. The current Cup holder, Italy, follows with four titles, while Germany holds three. The other former champions are Uruguay (who won the inaugural tournament) and Argentina with two titles each, and England and France with one title each.
The most recent World Cup Finals were held between June 9 and July 9, 2006 in Germany, where Italy was crowned champion after beating France in the final, winning the penalty shootout 5-3 after the match finished 1-1 after extra time. Germany placed third after beating Portugal 3-1. The next World Cup Finals will be held in 2010 in South Africa.
Since 1991, FIFA has also organized the FIFA Women's World Cup every four years.
History
Previous international competitions
The world's first international football match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 between Scotland and England [2], with the first competitive international match taking place in Belfast in 1884, between Ireland and Scotland, in the inaugural British Championship. At this stage the sport was rarely played outside Great Britain and Ireland. As football began to increase in popularity in other parts of the world at the turn of the century, it was held as a demonstration sport (with no medals awarded) at the 1900 and 1904 Summer Olympics, and at the 1906 Intercalated Games; football became an official competition at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Planned by The Football Association (FA), the event was for amateur players only and was regarded suspiciously as a show rather than a competition. Great Britain (represented by the England national amateur football team) won the event in both 1908 and 1912.
After FIFA was founded in 1904, there was an attempt made by FIFA to arrange an international football tournament between nations outside of the Olympic framework in Switzerland in 1906. These were very early days for international football, and the official history of FIFA describes the competition as having been a failure.[3]
Some may argue that the FA Cup was the first World Cup, as Scottish side Queen's Park F.C. played in 1884 and 1885 (reaching the final on both occasions) and numerous Welsh sides (Cardiff City won in 1927) having competed in England's national cup, however this can be dismissed as all teams who have participated have been located in the United Kingdom. With the Olympic event continuing to be contested only between amateur teams, Sir Thomas Lipton organized the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy tournament in Turin in 1909. The Lipton tournament was a championship between individual clubs (not national teams) from different nations, each one of which represented an entire nation. The competition is sometimes described as The First World Cup,[4] and featured the most prestigious professional club sides from Italy, Germany and Switzerland, but The Football Association of England refused to be associated with the competition and declined the offer to send a professional team. Lipton invited West Auckland, an amateur side from County Durham, to represent England instead. West Auckland won the tournament and returned in 1911 to successfully defend their title, and were given the trophy to keep forever, as per the rules of the competition.
In 1914, FIFA agreed to recognise the Olympic tournament as a "world football championship for amateurs",[3] and took responsibility for managing the event. This paved the way for the world's first intercontinental football competition, at the 1920 Summer Olympics, contested by Egypt (who were knocked out in their first match) and thirteen European teams. The gold medals were won by Belgium.[5] Uruguay then won the Olympic football tournaments in 1924 and 1928. In 1928 FIFA made the decision to stage their own international tournament outside of the Olympics. With Uruguay now two-time official football world champions (as 1924 was the start of FIFA's professional era) and to celebrate their centenary of independence in 1930, FIFA named Uruguay as the host country.
First World Cup
The 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, did not plan to include football as part of the schedule due to the low popularity of football in the United States, as American football had been growing in popularity. FIFA and the IOC also disagreed over the status of amateur players, and so football was dropped from the Games.[6] FIFA president Jules Rimet thus planned the inaugural World Cup tournament to be held in Uruguay in 1930. The national associations of selected nations were invited to send a team, but the choice of Uruguay as a venue for the competition meant a long and costly trip across the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. Indeed, no European country pledged to send a team until two months before the start of the competition.[7] Rimet eventually persuaded teams from Belgium, France, Romania, and Yugoslavia to make the trip. In total 13 nations took part — seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America.
The first two World Cup matches took place simultaneously, and were won by France and the USA, who beat Mexico 4-1 and Belgium 3-0, respectively. The first goal in World Cup history was scored by Lucien Laurent of France. In the final, Uruguay defeated Argentina 4-2 in front of a crowd of 93,000 people in Montevideo, and became the first nation to win a World Cup.[8]
Growth
The issues facing the early World Cup tournaments were the difficulties of intercontinental travel, and war. Few South American teams were willing to travel to Europe for the 1934 and 1938 tournaments, with Brazil the only South American team to compete in both. The 1942 and 1946 competitions were cancelled due to World War II and its aftermath.
The 1950 World Cup was the first to include British participants. British teams withdrew from FIFA in 1920, partly out of unwillingness to play against the countries they had been at war with, and partly as a protest against a foreign influence on football,[9] but rejoined in 1946 following FIFA's invitation. The tournament also saw the return of 1930 champions Uruguay, who had boycotted the previous two World Cups. Uruguay won the tournament again.
In the tournaments between 1934 and 1978, 16 teams competed for each finals tournament, except in 1938, when Austria were absorbed into Germany after qualifying, leaving the tournament with 15 teams, and in 1950, when India, Scotland and Turkey withdrew, leaving the tournament with 13 teams. Most of the participating nations were from Europe and South America, with a small minority from North America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. These teams were usually defeated easily by the European and South American teams. Until 1982, the only teams from outside Europe and South America to advance out of the first round were: United States, semi-finalists in 1930; Cuba, quarter-finalists in 1938; North Korea, quarter-finalists in 1966; and Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1970.
The finals were expanded to 24 teams in 1982, then to 32 in 1998, allowing more teams from Africa, Asia and North America to take part. The one exception is Oceania, who have never had a guaranteed spot in the finals. In recent years, teams from these regions have enjoyed more success, and those who have reached the knockout stage include: Mexico, quarterfinalists in 1986 and reaching the knockout rounds in 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006; Morocco, reaching the knockout rounds in 1986; Cameroon, quarter-finalists in 1990; Costa Rica, reaching the knockout rounds in 1990; Nigeria, reaching the knockout rounds in 1994 and 1998; Saudi Arabia, reaching the knockout rounds in 1994; United States, reaching the knockout rounds in 1994 and quarter-finalists in 2002; South Korea, finishing in fourth place in 2002; Senegal, quarter-finalists in 2002; Japan, reaching the knockout rounds in 2002; and Australia and Ghana, both reaching the knockout rounds in 2006. However, European and South American teams have remained the stronger forces. For example, the quarter-finalists in 2006 were all from Europe or South America.
198 nations attempted to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and a record 204 will attempt to qualify for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[10]
An equivalent tournament for women's football, the FIFA Women's World Cup, was first held in 1991 in the People's Republic of China.
Trophy
From 1930 to 1970, the Jules Rimet Trophy was awarded to the World Cup winner. It was originally simply known as the World Cup or Coupe du Monde, but in 1946 it was renamed after the FIFA president Jules Rimet who set up the first tournament. In 1970, Brazil's third victory in the tournament entitled them to keep the trophy permanently. However, the trophy was stolen in 1983, and has never been recovered, apparently melted down by the thieves.[11]
After 1970, a new trophy, known as the FIFA World Cup Trophy, was designed. The experts of FIFA, coming from seven different countries, evaluated the 53 presented models, finally opting for the work of the Italian designer Silvio Gazzaniga. The new trophy is 36 cm high, made of solid 18-carat gold and weighs 6,175 grammes. The base contains two layers of semi-precious malachite while the bottom side of the trophy bears the engraved year and name of each FIFA World Cup winner since 1974. The description of the trophy by Gazzaniga was: "The lines spring out from the base, rising in spirals, stretching out to receive the world. From the remarkable dynamic tensions of the compact body of the sculpture rise the figures of two athletes at the stirring moment of victory."[12]
This new trophy is not awarded to the winning nation permanently, irrespective of how many World Cups they win. World Cup winners retain the trophy until the next tournament and are awarded a gold-plated replica rather than the solid gold original. Argentina, Germany (as West Germany), Italy and Brazil have all won the second trophy twice, while France has won it once. It will not be retired until the name plaque has been entirely filled with the names of winning nations in 2038.
Format
Qualification
Since the second World Cup in 1934, qualifying tournaments have been held to thin the field for the final tournament. They are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe), overseen by their respective confederations. For each tournament, FIFA decides the number of places awarded to each of the continental zones beforehand, generally based on the relative strength of the confederations' teams, but also subject to lobbying from the confederations.
The qualification process can start as early as almost three years before the final tournament and last over a two-year period. The formats of the qualification tournaments differ between confederations. Usually, one or two places are awarded to winners of intercontinental play-offs. For example, the winner of the Oceanian zone and the fifth-placed team from the South American zone entered a play-off to decide which team would qualify for the 2006 World Cup.[13] From the 1938 World Cup onwards, host nations have received an automatic berth in the finals. This right had also been granted to the defending champions since 1938, but it has been withdrawn starting from the 2006 FIFA World Cup, requiring them to qualify as well, meaning that Brazil, who won in 2002, became the first defending champion to play in a qualifying match.[14]
Final tournament
The current finals tournament features 32 national teams competing over a month in the host nation(s). There are two stages: a group stage followed by a knockout stage.
In the group stage, teams compete within eight groups of four teams each. The finals draw, held six months before the tournament in the host nation, determines the groups. Eight teams are seeded (including the hosts, with the other teams selected using a formula based on both the FIFA World Rankings and performances in recent World Cups) and drawn to separate groups. The other teams are assigned to different "pots", usually based on geographical criteria, and teams in each pot are drawn at random to the eight groups. Since 1998, constraints have been applied to the draw to ensure that no group contains more than two European teams or more than one team from any other confederation.
Each group plays a round-robin tournament, guaranteeing that every team will play at least three matches. The last round of matches of each group is scheduled at the same time to preserve fairness among the teams. The top two teams from each group advance to the knockout stage. Points are used to rank the teams within a group. Since 1994, three points have been awarded for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss (prior to this, winners received two points rather than three). If two or more teams end up with the same number of points, tiebreakers are used: first is goal difference, then total goals scored, then head-to-head results, and finally drawing of lots (i.e. determining team positions at random).[15]
The knockout stage is a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shootouts used to decide the winner if necessary. It begins with the "round of 16" (or the second round) in which the winner of each group plays against the runner-up of another group. This is followed by the quarter-finals, the semi-finals, the third-place match (contested by the losing semi-finalists), and the final.
Below are the various formats used in previous tournaments:
- 1930: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 4 teams (group winners; note that no third-place match was played)
- 1934–1938: Single-elimination tournament; these are the only tournaments without a group stage
- 1950: A first group stage, followed by a final group stage with 4 teams (group winners); this is the only tournament without an official final match
- 1954–1970: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 8 teams (group winners and runners-up)
- 1974–1978: A first group stage, followed by a second group stage with 8 teams (first round group winners and runners-up), followed by the final (second round group winners; second round group runners-up played in the third-place match)
- 1982: A first group stage, followed by a second group stage with 12 teams (first round group winners and runners-up), followed by a knockout stage with 4 teams (second round group winners)
- 1986–1994: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 16 teams (group winners, runners-up and the four best third-placed teams)
- 1998–present: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 16 teams (group winners and runners-up)
Selection of hosts
Early World Cups were given to countries at meetings of FIFA's congress. The choice of location was highly controversial, given the three-week boat journey between South America and Europe, the two centres of strength in football. The decision to hold the first World Cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four European nations competing.[16] The next two World Cups were both held in Europe. The decision to hold the second of these, the 1938 FIFA World Cup, in France was controversial, as the American countries had been led to understand that the World Cup would rotate between the two continents. Both Argentina and Uruguay thus boycotted the tournament.[17]
After the 1958 FIFA World Cup, to avoid any future boycotts or controversy, FIFA began a pattern of alternating the hosts between the Americas and Europe, which continued until the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The 2002 FIFA World Cup, hosted jointly by Japan and South Korea, was the first one held in Asia (and the only tournament with multiple hosts), and in 2010, South Africa will become the first African nation to host the World Cup.
The host country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA's Executive Committee. This is done under a single transferable vote system. The national football association of the country who desires to host the event receives a guide called "Hosting Agreement" from FIFA, which explains the steps and indicates requirements that need to be met to offer a strong bid. The association that desires to celebrate the event also receives a form that the association must fill out and return to FIFA. This document represents the official confirmation of the candidacy. After this, a FIFA designated group of inspectors visit the country to identify that the country meets the requirements needed to host the event and a report on the country is produced. The decision on who will host the Cup is currently made six years in advance of the tournament. For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the hosting of the final tournament was rotated between its constituent confederations, and only countries from the chosen confederation may bid on the tournament.
Bidding for the 2014 FIFA World Cup
After the 2010 FIFA World Cup was allocated to Africa, the 2014 FIFA World Cup was allocated to South America in 2003, which will be the first held in South America since 1978. Brazil and Colombia had formally expressed interest in hosting the tournament,[18] but Colombia subsequently withdrew, leaving Brazil as the sole bidder.[19] However, if none of the candidates in South America meet the standards set by FIFA, the tournament may be moved to another continent.[20] In September 2006, FIFA president Sepp Blatter indicated that "Brazil is likely to be the host", but also said that "I can't guarantee that Brazil will be the host, but the ball is on Brazil's court now."[21] The final decision will be made by FIFA's Executive Committee on 30 October 2007.[22]
Bidding for the 2018 FIFA World Cup
The 2018 FIFA World Cup has not been allocated to any continent; in fact, the policy of continental rotation may not continue beyond 2014. Countries which have expressed an interest in hosting the 2018 World Cup include Australia, Nigeria, England, Russia, Mexico, Spain, Portugal and the United States, while the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) are planning a joint bid, after Belgium and the Netherlands successfully co-hosted the 2000 UEFA European Football Championship.[23] FIFA president Sepp Blatter stated on February 28, 2007 that the World Cup, "should be in North America in 2018 and there are three countries who could host it there—the United States, Mexico and Canada." This, however, depends upon decisions regarding the rotation of hosts.[24] In April 2007, Blatter said "this would mean that the next World Cup after 2014 would go to Asia."[25]
Media coverage
The World Cup was first televised in 1954 and is now the most widely-viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games.[26] The cumulative audience of the 2006 World Cup - including all of the matches - is estimated to be 26.29 billion.[1] 715.1 million individuals watched the final match of this tournament (a ninth of the entire population of the planet). The 2006 World Cup draw, which decided the distribution of teams into groups, was watched by 300 million viewers.[27]
Each FIFA World Cup since 1966 has its own mascot. World Cup Willie, the mascot for the 1966 competition, was the first World Cup mascot. Mascots for the 2006 World Cup were Goleo, a lion, and Pille, a football.
- See also: FIFA World Cup mascots
Results
World Cup summaries
- Further information: FIFA World Cup hosts
Successful national teams
- For a more comprehensive list, see National team appearances in the FIFA World Cup
In all, 78 nations have qualified at least once for the World Cup Finals. Of these, only eleven have made it to the final match, and only seven have won. The seven national teams that have won the World Cup have added stars to the crest, located on their shirt, with each star representing a World Cup victory.
With five titles, Brazil is the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have participated in every World Cup Finals so far. Italy follows with four titles, including the most recent one in 2006. Brazil and Italy are also the only nations to have won consecutive titles, each winning their first two titles back-to-back (Italy: 1934 and 1938; Brazil: 1958 and 1962). In 1970 and 1994, Brazil and Italy were finalists, each having a chance to become the first team to win a third title (and allowing them to keep the Jules Rimet trophy permanently) and a fourth title respectively. Brazil won both matches, and added a record fifth title in 2002. They have won the World Cup in the four continents that the World Cup has been hosted at (Europe: 1958; South America: 1962; North America: 1970 & 1994; Asia: 2002). The only other team to win a World Cup outside its own continental zone is Argentina (1986 in North America).
Italy, Brazil, West Germany, Argentina, as well as non-champions Netherlands, are the only teams to have ever appeared in consecutive finals, while Brazil and West Germany are the only two teams ever to appear in three consecutive World Cup final matches (1994, 1998, 2002 and 1982, 1986, 1990, respectively). Brazil won two out of the three (1994, 2002) and West Germany won only one (1990). Of the eighteen World Cup final matches, only twice have the same two teams contested the match. Brazil and Italy played in 1970 and 1994, and West Germany and Argentina in 1986 and 1990 (West Germany and Argentina also became the only two teams to meet in consecutive finals). Every final match has also featured at least one out of Brazil, Italy, (West) Germany, and Argentina, the four teams with the most appearances in the final match.
Below is a list of the 24 teams that have finished in the top four in a World Cup. Germany lead all nations with 11 top four finishes. Brazil and Germany lead all nations with the most appearances in the final match with seven appearances each.
| Team | Titles | Runners-up | Third-place | Fourth-place |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Brazil | 5 (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002) | 2 (1950*, 1998) | 2 (1938, 1978) | 1 (1974) |
 Italy | 4 (1934*, 1938, 1982, 2006) | 2 (1970, 1994) | 1 (1990*) | 1 (1978) |
 Germany^ | 3 (1954, 1974*, 1990) | 4 (1966, 1982, 1986, 2002) | 3 (1934, 1970, 2006*) | 1 (1958) |
 Argentina | 2 (1978*, 1986) | 2 (1930, 1990) | - | - |
 Uruguay | 2 (1930*, 1950) | - | - | 2 (1954, 1970) |
 France | 1 (1998*) | 1 (2006) | 2 (1958, 1986) | 1 (1982) |
 England | 1 (1966*) | - | - | 1 (1990) |
 Netherlands | - | 2 (1974, 1978) | - | 1 (1998) |
 Czechoslovakia# | - | 2 (1934, 1962) | - | - |
 Hungary | - | 2 (1938, 1954) | - | - |
 Sweden | - | 1 (1958*) | 2 (1950, 1994) | 1 (1938) |
 Poland | - | - | 2 (1974, 1982) | - |
 Austria | - | - | 1 (1954) | 1 (1934) |
 Portugal | - | - | 1 (1966) | 1 (2006) |
 Yugoslavia# | - | - | 1 (1930)[28] | 1 (1962) |
 USA | - | - | 1 (1930)[28] | - |
 Chile | - | - | 1 (1962*) | - |
 Croatia | - | - | 1 (1998) | - |
 Turkey | - | - | 1 (2002) | - |
 Spain | - | - | - | 1 (1950) |
 USSR# | - | - | - | 1 (1966) |
 Belgium | - | - | - | 1 (1986) |
 Bulgaria | - | - | - | 1 (1994) |
 Korea Republic | - | - | - | 1 (2002*) |
- * = hosts
- ^ = includes results representing West Germany between 1954 and 1990
- # = states that have since split into several independent nations
Performances by host nations
Six of the seven champions have won one of their titles while playing in their own homeland, the exception being Brazil, who lost the deciding match (known as Maracanazo) when they hosted the 1950 tournament.
England (1966) and France (1998) won their only titles while playing as host nations. Uruguay (1930), Italy (1934) and Argentina (1978) won their first titles as host nations but have gone on to win again, while Germany (1974) won their second cup title on home soil.
Other nations have also been successful during their spell as hosts. Sweden (runners-up in 1958), Chile (third place in 1962), South Korea (fourth place in 2002), Mexico (quarterfinals in 1970 and 1986) and Japan (second round in 2002) all have their best results when serving as hosts. In fact, all host nations have progressed at least beyond the first round.
| Year | Host Nation | Finish |
|---|---|---|
| 1930 | Uruguay | Champions |
| 1934 |  Italy | Champions |
| 1938 | France | Quarter-finals |
| 1950 | Brazil | Runners-up |
| 1954 |  Switzerland | Quarter-finals |
| 1958 | Sweden | Runners-up |
| 1962 | Chile | Third place |
| 1966 | England | Champions |
| 1970 |  Mexico | Quarter-finals |
| 1974 | West Germany | Champions |
| 1978 | Argentina | Champions |
| 1982 | Spain | Round 2 |
| 1986 | Mexico | Quarter-finals |
| 1990 | Italy | Third place |
| 1994 | USA | Round 2 |
| 1998 | France | Champions |
| 2002 | Korea Republic Japan | Fourth place Round 2 |
| 2006 | Germany | Third place |
Best performances by continental zones
To date, the final of the World Cup has only been contested by European and South American teams. The two continents have won nine titles apiece. Only two teams from outside these two continents have ever reached the semi-finals of the competition: the USA (in 1930) and South Korea (in 2002). African teams have had some success of late but have never reached the semi-finals. Oceania have only been represented in the World Cup three times, and only once did a Oceanian team reached the second round.
Interestingly, all World Cups won by European teams have taken place in Europe. The only non-European team to win in Europe is Brazil in 1958. Only twice had consecutive World Cups been won by teams from the same continent - when Italy and Brazil successfully defended their titles in 1938 and 1962 respectively.
| Confederation (continent) | Best performance |
|---|---|
| CONMEBOL (South America) | 9 titles, won by Brazil (5), Argentina (2), and Uruguay (2) |
| UEFA (Europe) | 9 titles, won by Italy (4), Germany (3), England (1), and France (1) |
| CONCACAF (North, Central America and the Caribbean) | Semifinal (USA, 1930)[28] |
| AFC (Asia) | Fourth place (South Korea, 2002) |
| CAF (Africa) | Quarterfinal (Cameroon, 1990; Senegal, 2002) |
| OFC (Oceania) | Second Round (Australia, 2006)[30] |
Awards
At the end of each World Cup finals tournament, awards are presented to the players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently six awards:
- The adidas Golden Shoe for the top goalscorer (formerly called the Golden Shoe, or sometimes, the Golden Boot, first awarded in 1930); most recently, the Silver Shoe and the Bronze Shoe have been awarded to the second and third top goalscorers respectively;
- The adidas Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members (formerly called the Golden Ball, first awarded in 1982); the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively;
- The Yashin Award for the best goalkeeper (first awarded in 1994);
- The FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team with the best record of fair play (first awarded in 1978);
- The Most Entertaining Team award for the team that has entertained the public the most during the World Cup, as determined by a poll of the general public (first awarded in 1994);
- The Gillette Best Young Player award for the best player at most 21 years of age at the start of the calendar year (first awarded in 2006).
An All-Star Team comprising of the best players of the tournament is also announced for each tournament since 1998.
Records and statistics
[edit] Overall top goalscorers
|
|
|
Fastest goals
| Time (seconds) | Player | Team | Opponent | World Cup |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hakan Şükür | Turkey | Korea Republic | 2002 Korea/Japan |
| 15 | Václav Mašek | Czechoslovakia |  Mexico | 1962 Chile |
| 23 | Pak Seung-Zin |  Korea DPR | Portugal | 1966 England |
| 24 | Ernst Lehner |  Germany | Austria | 1934 Italy |
| 27 | Bryan Robson | England | France | 1982 Spain |
| 37 | Bernard Lacombe | France | Italy | 1978 Argentina |
Most tournaments appeared (players)
| Player | Appearances |
|---|---|
| Antonio Carbajal | 5 (1950, 54, 58, 62, 66) |
| Lothar Matthäus | 5 (1982, 86, 90, 94, 98) |
| Carlos José Castilho | 4 (1950*, 54, 58*, 62*) |
| Nílton Santos | 4 (1950*, 54, 58, 62) |
| Djalma Santos | 4 (1954, 58, 62, 66) |
| Pelé | 4 (1958, 62, 66, 70) |
| Bobby Charlton | 4 (1958*, 62, 66, 70) |
| Karl-Heinz Schnellinger | 4 (1958, 62, 66, 70) |
| Uwe Seeler | 4 (1958, 62, 66, 70) |
| Lev Yashin | 4 (1958, 62, 66, 70*) |
| Pedro Rocha | 4 (1962, 66, 70, 74) |
| Enrico Albertosi | 4 (1962*, 66, 70, 74*) |
| Gianni Rivera | 4 (1962, 66, 70, 74) |
| Dobromir Zhechev | 4 (1962, 66, 70, 74*) |
| Sepp Maier | 4 (1966*, 70, 74, 78) |
| Dino Zoff | 4 (1970*, 74, 78, 82) |
| Władysław Żmuda | 4 (1974, 78, 82, 86) |
| Émerson Leão | 4 (1970*, 74, 78, 86*) |
| Diego Maradona | 4 (1982, 86, 90, 94) |
| Giuseppe Bergomi | 4 (1982, 86, 90, 98) |
 Jim Leighton | 4 (1982*, 86, 90, 98) |
| Enzo Scifo | 4 (1986, 90, 94, 98) |
| Franky Van Der Elst | 4 (1986, 90, 94, 98) |
| Andoni Zubizarreta | 4 (1986, 90, 94, 98) |
| Hong Myung-Bo | 4 (1990, 94, 98, 02) |
| Hwang Sun-Hong | 4 (1990, 94, 98*, 02) |
| Paolo Maldini | 4 (1990, 94, 98, 02) |
| Fernando Hierro | 4 (1990*, 94, 98, 02) |
| Marc Wilmots | 4 (1990*, 94, 98, 02) |
 Jacques Songo'o | 4 (1990*, 94, 98, 02*) |
 Mohamed Al-Deayea | 4 (1994, 98, 02, 06*) |
| Sami Al-Jaber | 4 (1994, 98, 02, 06) |
| Cafu | 4 (1994, 98, 02, 06) |
| Ronaldo | 4 (1994*, 98, 02, 06) |
| Oliver Kahn | 4 (1994*, 98*, 02, 06) |
| Kasey Keller | 4 (1990*, 98, 02*, 06) |
| Claudio Reyna | 4 (1994*, 98, 02, 06) |
*Did not play but was part of the squad.
FIFA World Cup winning captains and managers
Franz Beckenbauer, with West Germany, is the only person to date who has won the World Cup as both captain (1974) and head coach (1990). Mário Zagallo, with Brazil, also won the World Cup as both player (1958 and 1962) and head coach (1970). Italy's Vittorio Pozzo is the only head coach to ever win two World Cups. All World Cup winning head coaches were natives of the country they coached to victory.
| Year | Captain | Head coach | Team |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1930 | José Nasazzi | Alberto Suppici | Uruguay |
| 1934 | Giampiero Combi | Vittorio Pozzo | Italy |
| 1938 | Giuseppe Meazza | Vittorio Pozzo | Italy |
| 1950 | Obdulio Varela | Juan López | Uruguay |
| 1954 | Fritz Walter | Sepp Herberger | West Germany |
| 1958 | Hilderaldo Bellini | Vicente Feola | Brazil |
| 1962 | Mauro Ramos | Aymoré Moreira | Brazil |
| 1966 | Bobby Moore | Alf Ramsey | England |
| 1970 | Carlos Alberto | Mário Zagallo | Brazil |
| 1974 | Franz Beckenbauer | Helmut Schön | West Germany |
| 1978 | Daniel Passarella | César Luis Menotti | Argentina |
| 1982 | Dino Zoff | Enzo Bearzot | Italy |
| 1986 | Diego Maradona | Carlos Bilardo | Argentina |
| 1990 | Lothar Matthäus | Franz Beckenbauer | West Germany |
| 1994 | Dunga | Carlos Alberto Parreira | Brazil |
| 1998 | Didier Deschamps | Aimé Jacquet | France |
| 2002 | Cafu | Luiz Felipe Scolari | Brazil |
| 2006 | Fabio Cannavaro | Marcello Lippi | Italy |
Notes and references
- ^ a b 2006 FIFA World Cup TV Coverage, FIFA official website. Retrieved on June 6, 2007.
- ^ England National Football Team Match No. 1
- ^ a b Where it all began FIFA official website. Retrieved on April 10, 2006.
- ^ 'The First World Cup'. The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy. Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council. Retrieved on April 11, 2006.
- ^ VII. Olympiad Antwerp 1920 Football Tournament rec.sport.soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved on June 10, 2006.
- ^ The Football World Cup - An Introduction, h2g2. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ Uruguay 1930 FIFA World Cup site. Retrieved on January 9, 2006.
- ^ FIFA World Cup OriginPDF (53.6 KiB), FIFA Media Release. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ Scotland and the 1950 World Cup, BBC. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ Record number of 204 teams enter preliminary competition
- ^ Jules Rimet Cup, FIFA World Cup site. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ FIFA World Cup Trophy, FIFA World Cup site. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ Matches and Results, FIFA World Cup site. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ Brazil's Juan warns against complacency, FIFA World Cup site. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ Regulations of the 2006 FIFA World Cup (page 40–41) (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-05-22.
- ^ History of 1930 World Cup, BBC. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ France 1938, FIFA World Cup site. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ Brazil and Colombia announce interest in hosting 2014 FIFA World Cup™. FIFA (2006-12-19). Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
- ^ Brazil confirms bid - Colombia withdraws. FIFA (2007-04-13). Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
- ^ Others ready if Brazil blow 2014 bid, says Blatter. The Guardian (2006-12-17). Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
- ^ Brazil in position to host 2014 World Cup. TSN (2006-09-28). Retrieved on 2006-11-02.
- ^ Executive Committee to determine hosts in Zurich on 30 October. FIFA.com (13 July 2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
- ^ Benelux trio to apply to host 2018 World Cup. ESPN (2006-10-16). Retrieved on 2006-10-18.
- ^ Blatter: 2018 World Cup should be in N. America. ESPN Soccernet (2007-02-28). Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
- ^ "FA ready to answer World Cup call", The Times, News International Newspapers Limited, 2007-04-30. Retrieved on 2007-05-21.
- ^ FIFA Newsletter June 1997, by Joseph S. Blatter, FIFA General Secretary. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ Socceroos face major challenge: Hiddink, ABC Sport, December 10, 2005. Retrieved on May 13, 2006.
- ^ a b c d There was no official World Cup Third Place match in 1930 and no official third place was awarded; USA and Yugoslavia lost in the semi-finals.
- ^ a b There was no official World Cup final match in 1950. The tournament winner was decided by a final round-robin group contested by four teams (Uruguay, Brazil, Sweden, and Spain). However, Uruguay's 2-1 victory over Brazil (a match known as Maracanazo) was the decisive match (and also coincidentally one of the last two matches of the tournament) which put them ahead on points and ensured that they finished top of the group as world champions. Therefore, this match is often considered the "final" of the 1950 World Cup [1]PDF (150 KiB). Likewise, Sweden's 3-1 victory over Spain (played at the same time as Uruguay vs Brazil) ensured that they finished third.
- ^ Australia represented the OFC after qualifying through the Oceanian zone as an OFC member, even though they left the OFC and joined the AFC as of January 1, 2006.
- ^ There was a controversy regarding the number of goals scored by the Ademir in 1950 because of incomplete data from the final group round game against Spain, that ended in a 6-1 victory for Brazil. The first goal had been credited to Spanish defender Parra as an own goal, and the fifth Brazilian goal was credited to Jair. However, recently FIFA credited Ademir with both these goals, thus making him the 1950 World Cup top scorer, with nine goals.
- ^ FIFA initially credited Leônidas with eight goals in 1938. However, FIFA changed it to seven goals in November 2006, meaning he scored a total of eight goals overall (he scored one goal in 1938). In some sources. Leônidas was credited with nine goals in the 1938 tournament, mis-crediting one Brazilian goal in the first-round match against Poland.
- ^ FIFA initially credited Nejedlý with only four goals in 1934. However, FIFA changed it to five goals in November 2006, meaning he scored a total of seven goals overall (he scored two goals in 1938). [2]
[edit] See also
- 2006 FIFA World Cup
- FIFA Women's World Cup
- FIFA Club World Cup
- Homeless World Cup
- FIFA World Cup mascot
- List of men's national football (soccer) teams
- List of other competitions named World Cup
- List of sporting events
- FIFA World Cup balls
- FIFA World Cup goalscorers
- FIFA World Cup, goals with disputed scorers
- FIFA World Cup hat-tricks
- FIFA World Cup milestone goals
- List of players who have won multiple FIFA World Cups
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